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Marvin Dietermann
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archduino-guide.md
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archduino-guide.md
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# Archduino — TUI-Only Arch Linux Arduino Development Environment
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A keyboard-driven, mouse-free Arch Linux setup for Arduino development built on **Zellij + Neovim + Arduino CLI**, themed in **Gruvbox**, targeting both WSL2 and native Arch.
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---
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## Architecture Overview
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Zellij (multiplexer + workspace manager) │
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│ ┌─────────────────────┬───────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ Neovim (LazyVim) │ Serial Monitor │ │
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│ │ - clangd LSP │ (arduino-cli monitor)│ │
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│ │ - Arduino syntax │ │ │
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│ │ - compile/upload │ │ │
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│ │ keybinds │ │ │
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│ ├─────────────────────┼───────────────────────┤ │
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│ │ Terminal / Build │ lazygit │ │
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│ │ output pane │ │ │
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│ └─────────────────────┴───────────────────────┘ │
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│ [zjstatus bar — board | port | project | git] │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Table of Contents
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1. [Base System](#1-base-system)
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2. [Shell — Zsh + Starship](#2-shell--zsh--starship)
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3. [Zellij](#3-zellij)
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4. [Neovim + LazyVim](#4-neovim--lazyvim)
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5. [Arduino CLI](#5-arduino-cli)
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6. [Serial Monitor](#6-serial-monitor)
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7. [Git + Lazygit](#7-git--lazygit)
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8. [Project Scaffolding](#8-project-scaffolding)
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9. [Zellij Arduino Layout](#9-zellij-arduino-layout)
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10. [Neovim Arduino Keybinds](#10-neovim-arduino-keybinds)
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11. [WSL2-Specific Notes](#11-wsl2-specific-notes)
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12. [Quick Reference Card](#12-quick-reference-card)
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---
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## 1. Base System
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### Native Arch
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```bash
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sudo pacman -Syu
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sudo pacman -S base-devel git curl unzip wget ripgrep fd bat eza tree jq
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```
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### WSL2 Arch
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If you hit SSL issues (common behind corporate proxies):
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```bash
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sed -i 's|https://|http://|g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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pacman -Syu ca-certificates archlinux-keyring --noconfirm
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sed -i 's|http://|https://|g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
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```
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### Create your user (if root-only)
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```bash
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pacman -S sudo
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useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/zsh myuser
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passwd myuser
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EDITOR=nano visudo # uncomment: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
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```
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Add to `/etc/wsl.conf`:
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```ini
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[user]
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default=myuser
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```
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---
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## 2. Shell — Zsh + Starship
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### Install Zsh
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S zsh
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chsh -s /bin/zsh
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```
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### Oh My Zsh
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```bash
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sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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```
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### Zsh Plugins
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
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git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
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```
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Edit `~/.zshrc`:
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```bash
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plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)
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```
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### Starship Prompt
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S starship
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```
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Add to `~/.zshrc`:
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```bash
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eval "$(starship init zsh)"
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```
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Create `~/.config/starship.toml`:
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```toml
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palette = "gruvbox_dark"
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format = """
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$directory$git_branch$git_status$character"""
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[directory]
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style = "bold fg:bright-yellow"
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truncation_length = 3
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[git_branch]
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style = "bold fg:bright-green"
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format = " [$branch]($style) "
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[git_status]
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style = "bold fg:bright-red"
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[character]
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success_symbol = "[❯](bold fg:bright-green)"
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error_symbol = "[❯](bold fg:bright-red)"
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[palettes.gruvbox_dark]
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bright-yellow = "#fabd2f"
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bright-green = "#b8bb26"
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bright-red = "#fb4934"
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bright-blue = "#83a598"
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bright-purple = "#d3869b"
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bright-aqua = "#8ec07c"
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bright-orange = "#fe8019"
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```
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---
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## 3. Zellij
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### Install
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S zellij
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```
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Or latest binary:
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```bash
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curl -kL https://github.com/zellij-org/zellij/releases/latest/download/zellij-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz | tar xz -C /tmp
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sudo mv /tmp/zellij /usr/local/bin/
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```
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### Gruvbox Theme Config
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Create `~/.config/zellij/config.kdl`:
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```kdl
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theme "gruvbox-dark"
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default_layout "default"
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default_mode "normal"
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pane_frames false
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simplified_ui true
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mouse_mode false
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keybinds {
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shared {
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bind "Alt h" { MoveFocusOrTab "Left"; }
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bind "Alt l" { MoveFocusOrTab "Right"; }
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bind "Alt j" { MoveFocus "Down"; }
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bind "Alt k" { MoveFocus "Up"; }
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bind "Alt n" { NewPane "Down"; }
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bind "Alt v" { NewPane "Right"; }
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bind "Alt f" { ToggleFloatingPanes; }
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bind "Alt t" { NewTab; }
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}
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}
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themes {
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gruvbox-dark {
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fg "#ebdbb2"
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bg "#282828"
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black "#1d2021"
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red "#cc241d"
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green "#98971a"
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yellow "#d79921"
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blue "#458588"
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magenta "#b16286"
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cyan "#689d6a"
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white "#a89984"
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orange "#d65d0e"
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}
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}
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```
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### Auto-start Zellij
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Add to `~/.zshrc`:
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```bash
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if [[ -z "$ZELLIJ" ]]; then
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zellij attach --create archduino
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fi
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```
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---
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## 4. Neovim + LazyVim
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### Install latest Neovim
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```bash
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curl -kLO https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
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sudo tar -xzf nvim-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt
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sudo ln -sf /opt/nvim-linux-x86_64/bin/nvim /usr/local/bin/nvim
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rm nvim-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
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```
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### Install LazyVim
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```bash
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mv ~/.config/nvim{,.bak} 2>/dev/null
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mv ~/.local/share/nvim{,.bak} 2>/dev/null
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mv ~/.local/state/nvim{,.bak} 2>/dev/null
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mv ~/.cache/nvim{,.bak} 2>/dev/null
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git clone https://github.com/LazyVim/starter ~/.config/nvim
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rm -rf ~/.config/nvim/.git
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```
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### LSP for Arduino (clangd)
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S clang
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```
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### LazyVim Gruvbox + Arduino config
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Create `~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins/gruvbox.lua`:
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```lua
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return {
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{
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"ellisonleao/gruvbox.nvim",
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priority = 1000,
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config = function()
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require("gruvbox").setup({
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contrast = "hard",
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})
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end,
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},
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{
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"LazyVim/LazyVim",
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opts = {
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colorscheme = "gruvbox",
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},
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},
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}
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```
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Create `~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins/arduino.lua`:
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```lua
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return {
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-- Arduino filetype & syntax
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{
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"stevearc/vim-arduino",
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ft = { "arduino", "cpp", "c" },
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config = function()
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vim.g.arduino_use_cli = 1
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vim.g.arduino_cli_path = "arduino-cli"
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end,
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},
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-- Better C/C++ treesitter support
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{
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"nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter",
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opts = function(_, opts)
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vim.list_extend(opts.ensure_installed, { "c", "cpp", "arduino" })
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end,
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},
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}
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```
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Create `~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins/lsp.lua`:
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```lua
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return {
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{
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"neovim/nvim-lspconfig",
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opts = {
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servers = {
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clangd = {
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cmd = {
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"clangd",
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"--background-index",
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"--clang-tidy",
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"--header-insertion=iwyu",
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"--completion-style=detailed",
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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}
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```
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---
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## 5. Arduino CLI
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### Install
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=/usr/local/bin sh
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```
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If SSL issues:
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```bash
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curl -kfsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=/usr/local/bin sh
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```
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### Initialize & install cores
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```bash
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arduino-cli config init
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arduino-cli core update-index
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# AVR boards (Uno, Mega, Nano)
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arduino-cli core install arduino:avr
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# ESP32
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arduino-cli config add board_manager.additional_urls \
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-pages/package_esp32_index.json
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arduino-cli core update-index
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arduino-cli core install esp32:esp32
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# ESP8266
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arduino-cli config add board_manager.additional_urls \
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https://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
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arduino-cli core update-index
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arduino-cli core install esp8266:esp8266
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```
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### Install common libraries
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```bash
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arduino-cli lib install "Servo"
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arduino-cli lib install "WiFi"
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arduino-cli lib install "ArduinoJson"
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arduino-cli lib install "Adafruit Unified Sensor"
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arduino-cli lib install "DHT sensor library"
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```
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---
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## 6. Serial Monitor
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### TUI Serial Monitor — tio
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S tio
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```
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Usage:
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```bash
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tio /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200
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```
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`tio` auto-detects ports, supports timestamps, and is fully keyboard-driven. Quit with `Ctrl+t q`.
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### WSL2 serial passthrough
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WSL2 doesn't natively see USB devices. You need **usbipd-win** on Windows:
|
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|
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```powershell
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# In Windows PowerShell (admin)
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winget install usbipd
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# List USB devices
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usbipd list
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# Bind and attach your Arduino
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usbipd bind --busid <BUSID>
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usbipd attach --wsl --busid <BUSID>
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```
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Then in WSL:
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```bash
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ls /dev/ttyUSB* # or /dev/ttyACM*
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```
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### Add user to dialout group
|
||||
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```bash
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sudo usermod -aG uucp $USER # Arch
|
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sudo usermod -aG dialout $USER # if needed
|
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```
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||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
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||||
## 7. Git + Lazygit
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
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sudo pacman -S git lazygit
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```
|
||||
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### Git config
|
||||
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```bash
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git config --global user.name "Your Name"
|
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git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
|
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git config --global init.defaultBranch main
|
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```
|
||||
|
||||
### Lazygit Gruvbox
|
||||
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Create `~/.config/lazygit/config.yml`:
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||||
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```yaml
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gui:
|
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theme:
|
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activeBorderColor:
|
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- "#fabd2f"
|
||||
- bold
|
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inactiveBorderColor:
|
||||
- "#665c54"
|
||||
selectedLineBgColor:
|
||||
- "#3c3836"
|
||||
cherryPickedCommitFgColor:
|
||||
- "#b8bb26"
|
||||
defaultFgColor:
|
||||
- "#ebdbb2"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Neovim lazygit keybind
|
||||
|
||||
Already included in LazyVim — press `<leader>gg` to open lazygit in a floating terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 8. Project Scaffolding
|
||||
|
||||
Create the scaffolding script at `~/.local/bin/arduino-new`:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
set -e
|
||||
|
||||
TEMPLATE_DIR="$HOME/.config/archduino/templates"
|
||||
|
||||
declare -A FQBN_MAP=(
|
||||
["uno"]="arduino:avr:uno"
|
||||
["mega"]="arduino:avr:mega"
|
||||
["nano"]="arduino:avr:nano"
|
||||
["esp32"]="esp32:esp32:esp32"
|
||||
["esp32s3"]="esp32:esp32:esp32s3"
|
||||
["esp8266"]="esp8266:esp8266:nodemcuv2"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
usage() {
|
||||
echo "Usage: arduino-new <project-name> <board>"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "Available boards:"
|
||||
for board in "${!FQBN_MAP[@]}"; do
|
||||
printf " %-12s %s\n" "$board" "${FQBN_MAP[$board]}"
|
||||
done
|
||||
exit 1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[[ $# -lt 2 ]] && usage
|
||||
|
||||
PROJECT="$1"
|
||||
BOARD="$2"
|
||||
FQBN="${FQBN_MAP[$BOARD]}"
|
||||
|
||||
[[ -z "$FQBN" ]] && echo "Unknown board: $BOARD" && usage
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p "$PROJECT"
|
||||
cd "$PROJECT"
|
||||
|
||||
# Copy board-specific template or default
|
||||
if [[ -f "$TEMPLATE_DIR/$BOARD.ino" ]]; then
|
||||
cp "$TEMPLATE_DIR/$BOARD.ino" "$PROJECT.ino"
|
||||
else
|
||||
cp "$TEMPLATE_DIR/default.ino" "$PROJECT.ino"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# Project-local config
|
||||
cat > sketch.yaml <<EOF
|
||||
default_fqbn: $FQBN
|
||||
default_port: auto
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# clangd compile flags for LSP
|
||||
cat > .clangd <<EOF
|
||||
CompileFlags:
|
||||
Add:
|
||||
- -xc++
|
||||
- -std=c++17
|
||||
- -I$HOME/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/avr/*/cores/arduino
|
||||
- -I$HOME/.arduino15/packages/arduino/hardware/avr/*/variants/standard
|
||||
- -I$HOME/.arduino15/packages/arduino/tools/avr-gcc/*/avr/include
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# .gitignore
|
||||
cat > .gitignore <<EOF
|
||||
build/
|
||||
.cache/
|
||||
*.elf
|
||||
*.hex
|
||||
*.bin
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
git init -q
|
||||
echo "✓ Created '$PROJECT' for $BOARD ($FQBN)"
|
||||
echo " cd $PROJECT && nvim $PROJECT.ino"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Templates
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/.config/archduino/templates
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create `~/.config/archduino/templates/default.ino`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||
while (!Serial) { ; }
|
||||
Serial.println("Hello from Arduino!");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
// Your code here
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create `~/.config/archduino/templates/esp32.ino`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
#include <WiFi.h>
|
||||
|
||||
const char* ssid = "YOUR_SSID";
|
||||
const char* password = "YOUR_PASS";
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
|
||||
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
|
||||
Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi");
|
||||
|
||||
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
|
||||
delay(500);
|
||||
Serial.print(".");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Serial.println();
|
||||
Serial.print("Connected! IP: ");
|
||||
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
// Your code here
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create `~/.config/archduino/templates/esp8266.ino`:
|
||||
|
||||
```cpp
|
||||
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
|
||||
|
||||
const char* ssid = "YOUR_SSID";
|
||||
const char* password = "YOUR_PASS";
|
||||
|
||||
void setup() {
|
||||
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
|
||||
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
|
||||
Serial.print("Connecting to WiFi");
|
||||
|
||||
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
|
||||
delay(500);
|
||||
Serial.print(".");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Serial.println();
|
||||
Serial.print("Connected! IP: ");
|
||||
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void loop() {
|
||||
// Your code here
|
||||
delay(1000);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Make it executable and on PATH:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
chmod +x ~/.local/bin/arduino-new
|
||||
# Ensure ~/.local/bin is in PATH (add to .zshrc if needed)
|
||||
export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
arduino-new blink-test uno
|
||||
arduino-new wifi-scanner esp32
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 9. Zellij Arduino Layout
|
||||
|
||||
Create `~/.config/zellij/layouts/arduino.kdl`:
|
||||
|
||||
```kdl
|
||||
layout {
|
||||
tab name="code" focus=true {
|
||||
pane split_direction="vertical" {
|
||||
pane size="65%" {
|
||||
command "nvim"
|
||||
args "."
|
||||
}
|
||||
pane split_direction="horizontal" {
|
||||
pane size="60%" name="terminal"
|
||||
pane size="40%" name="serial" {
|
||||
command "bash"
|
||||
args "-c" "echo 'Run: tio /dev/ttyUSB0 -b 115200'"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
tab name="git" {
|
||||
pane {
|
||||
command "lazygit"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
tab name="monitor" {
|
||||
pane {
|
||||
command "bash"
|
||||
args "-c" "echo 'Board monitor — run: arduino-cli monitor -p /dev/ttyUSB0 -c baudrate=115200'"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Launch with:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
zellij --layout arduino
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Or add a shell alias in `~/.zshrc`:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
alias adev="zellij --layout arduino"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 10. Neovim Arduino Keybinds
|
||||
|
||||
Create `~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins/arduino-keys.lua`:
|
||||
|
||||
```lua
|
||||
return {
|
||||
{
|
||||
"folke/which-key.nvim",
|
||||
opts = function(_, opts)
|
||||
opts.spec = opts.spec or {}
|
||||
table.insert(opts.spec, {
|
||||
{ "<leader>a", group = "Arduino", icon = "⚡" },
|
||||
})
|
||||
end,
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"stevearc/vim-arduino",
|
||||
keys = {
|
||||
{ "<leader>ac", "<cmd>ArduinoChooseBoard<cr>", desc = "Choose Board" },
|
||||
{ "<leader>ap", "<cmd>ArduinoChoosePort<cr>", desc = "Choose Port" },
|
||||
{ "<leader>av", "<cmd>ArduinoVerify<cr>", desc = "Verify (compile)" },
|
||||
{ "<leader>au", "<cmd>ArduinoUpload<cr>", desc = "Upload" },
|
||||
{ "<leader>as", "<cmd>ArduinoSerial<cr>", desc = "Serial Monitor" },
|
||||
{ "<leader>ai", "<cmd>ArduinoInfo<cr>", desc = "Board Info" },
|
||||
},
|
||||
},
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Quick reference:
|
||||
- `<leader>av` — compile/verify sketch
|
||||
- `<leader>au` — upload to board
|
||||
- `<leader>ac` — pick board
|
||||
- `<leader>ap` — pick port
|
||||
- `<leader>as` — open serial monitor
|
||||
- `<leader>gg` — lazygit (built into LazyVim)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 11. WSL2-Specific Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### USB passthrough (required for uploading)
|
||||
|
||||
Install on Windows:
|
||||
|
||||
```powershell
|
||||
winget install usbipd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Create a helper script at `~/.local/bin/arduino-usb`:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# Quick attach Arduino USB in WSL2
|
||||
# Run the Windows-side command via PowerShell interop
|
||||
powershell.exe -Command "usbipd list"
|
||||
echo ""
|
||||
echo "To attach, run in Windows PowerShell:"
|
||||
echo " usbipd attach --wsl --busid <BUSID>"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Git SSL workaround (corporate proxies)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
git config --global http.sslVerify false
|
||||
echo 'insecure' >> ~/.curlrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Performance tip
|
||||
|
||||
Add to `/etc/wsl.conf`:
|
||||
|
||||
```ini
|
||||
[interop]
|
||||
appendWindowsPath = false
|
||||
|
||||
[network]
|
||||
generateResolvConf = true
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Disabling `appendWindowsPath` significantly speeds up shell startup.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 12. Quick Reference Card
|
||||
|
||||
| Action | Keybind / Command |
|
||||
|----------------------|-------------------------------|
|
||||
| New project | `arduino-new <name> <board>` |
|
||||
| Open dev workspace | `adev` |
|
||||
| Compile | `<leader>av` |
|
||||
| Upload | `<leader>au` |
|
||||
| Choose board | `<leader>ac` |
|
||||
| Choose port | `<leader>ap` |
|
||||
| Serial monitor | `<leader>as` or `tio` |
|
||||
| Lazygit | `<leader>gg` |
|
||||
| New Zellij pane ↓ | `Alt+n` |
|
||||
| New Zellij pane → | `Alt+v` |
|
||||
| Navigate panes | `Alt+h/j/k/l` |
|
||||
| Floating pane | `Alt+f` |
|
||||
| New tab | `Alt+t` |
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user